Nurul Fitriani, - (2021) ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA SD MEMECAHKAN MASALAH DALAM BENTUK SOAL CERITA MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI PENGUKURAN BANGUN DATAR. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini didasarkan karena adanya permasalahan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD pada mata pelajaran matematika, khususnya dalam pemecahan masalah soal cerita matematika. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab hal tersebut adalah dengan menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa, dan mendeskripsikan jenis kesalahan serta faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa dalam memecahkan soal cerita matematika materi pengukuran bangun datar. Prosedur analisis kesalahan siswa yang digunakan adalah teori Polya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen soal tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan subjek penelitian sejumlah 46 siswa. Subjek untuk wawancara diambil 10 dari 46 siswa kelas IV, berdasarkan banyaknya kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa. Setiap subjek diwawancarai mengenai hasil pekerjaannya pada soal pengukuran bangun datar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis model Milles dan Huberman. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi pengukuran bangun datar berdasarkan teori Polya adalah: (a) persentase memahami masalah yang dilakukan siswa sebesar 18,66%, (b) persentase merencanakan penyelesaian sebesar 13,28%, (c) persentase melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian sebesar 11,90%, dan (d) persentase memeriksa kembali proses dan hasil penyelesaian sebesar 17,63%. Persentase kemampuan pemecahan masalah total siswa adalah 16,27%. Terdapat 3 faktor penyebab siswa melakukan kesalahan, yakni: (1) kesulitan memahami masalah, (2) tidak memahami konsep dan operasi pecahan, (3) dan karena lupa serta tidak teliti. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk meminimalisir kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita adalah dengan memperbanyak latihan mengerjakan soal cerita, membuat soal cerita dengan bahasa yang lebih komunikatif, menerapkan pembelajaran kooperatif dalam mengajarkan soal cerita, dan memberikan penjelasan menggunakan alat peraga konkret. ----- This research was based on the lack of student's achievement in mathematics, especially on solving mathematics word problems for students in 4th grade of primary school. One way that can be used to find out the problem is to identify student errors in solving math story questions. This study aims to describe student’s mathematics problem-solving abilities and to describe the type of errors and cause students’ errors in solving math story questions of a two-dimensional shape. The researcher used the Polya theory procedure to identify student errors. This research uses a qualitative approach, with a descriptive method. The data collection uses test, interview, and document analysis with 46 students. The subjects for the interview were taken from 10 of 46 fourth grade students, based on the number of student's errors. Each subject was interviewed about the result of their work. The technique of data analysis used Milles and Huberman model. Data validity used multiple techniques. The results of the research showed that the percentage of problem-solving abilities that students did in solving mathematics problems on the matter of measuring plane figure based on Polya's theory were: (a) the percentage of understanding the problems made by students was 18.66%, (b) the percentage of devising out the plan was 13.28%, (c) the percentage of carrying out the plan was 11.90%, and (d) the percentage of looking back was 17.63%. The percentage of students' total problem-solving ability is 16.27%. Three factors that caused students to make errors, namely: 1) difficulty in understanding the problem, (2) do not understand the concept and operation of fractions (3) and forgetfulness and carelessness. The solutions offered to minimize students’ errors in completing the story questions are by extending the exercise to do, making the story questions with a more communicative language, implementing cooperative learning in teaching, and providing the explanations using concrete props.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Error analysis, word problem, Polya theory, measurement. analisis kesalahan, soal cerita, teori Polya, pengukuran. |
| Subjects: | L Education > L Education (General) L Education > LA History of education L Education > LB Theory and practice of education |
| Divisions: | UPI Kampus cibiru > PGSD UPI Kampus cibiru |
| Depositing User: | Nurul Fitriani |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Oct 2021 06:09 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Oct 2021 06:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/67058 |
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