Herlina, - (2018) PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM INTERVENSI MANDIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK PENYANDANG AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. S3 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
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Abstract
Keterlibatan orangtua dalam intervensi terhadap penyandang Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) terbukti efektif dalam mencapai tujuan intervensi. Namun, keterlibatan orangtua tersebut sebatas pada menerapkan teknik intervensi yang diajarkan oleh ahli (profesional). Ketika kondisi anak dan lingkungan berubah, dan teknik intervensi yang diajarkan oleh ahli tidak sesuai lagi, orangtua membutuhkan kembali peran ahli untuk mengajarkan teknik lain. Artinya, orangtua sangat tergantung pada keberadaan ahli. Akibat ketergantungan ini, keberlangsungan pelaksanaan intervensi terhadap anak menjadi terganggu manakala akses terhadap ahli terkendala, baik kendala karena kesulitan finansial, perbedaan lokasi tempat tinggal, maupun minimnya jumlah ahli. Keberlangsungan intervensi merupakan faktor penting bagi tercapainya perkembangan optimal dan mencegah meluasnya hambatan pada berbagai aspek kehidupan penyandang ASD. Oleh karena itu, agar keberlangsungan intervensi terhadap anak terjamin, diperlukan adanya upaya memandirikan orangtua, baik dalam merancang maupun melaksanakan intervensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan program intervensi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak penyandang ASD, khususnya dalam keterampilan sosial, yang melibatkan orangtua sebagai perancang dan pelaksana intervensi secara mandiri. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan riset dan pengembangan, melibatkan tujuh orangtua beserta anaknya yang menyandang ASD sebagai subjek penelitian. Data penelitian diolah dengan mixed methods. Penelitian ini menghasilkan Program Intervensi Mandiri (PIM), yaitu sebuah program intervensi yang bertujuan memberdayakan orangtuanya sebagai perancang dan pelaku intervensi secara mandiri agar dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sosial anak penyandang ASD. PIM meliputi dua kegiatan utama yaitu pelatihan dan workshop bagi orangtua dan intervensi orangtua terhadap anak. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa: 1) Pelatihan PIM efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif dan fungsi afektif orangtua mengenai intervensi ASD, 2) Pelatihan dan workshop PIM efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan orangtua, baik dalam menyusun Program Intervensi Individual Keterampilan Sosial anak (PII-KS) maupun dalam melaksanakan intervensi terhadap anak, 3) Pelatihan PIM menjadikan orangtua cukup mandiri dalam merancang PII-KS, dan 4) intervensi yang dilakukan secara mandiri oleh orangtua efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan sosial anak penyandang ASD . ------- Parental involvement in the intervention towards children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been proven effective in achieveing the goal of the intervention. However, the involvement itself is manifested solely in the implementation of intervention techniques taught by professionals. When the children’s condition and environment change, making the techniques inappropriate, parents would need the role of professionals to teach or develop other techniques. This situation indicates parents’ dependency on the professionals. Due to the dependency, the implementation of intervention towards the children would inevitably meet hinderance whenever the parents could not obtain professional help caused by financial problem, difference in location, or insufficient professional numbers. Sustainability of the intervention is a crucial factor in achieving optimal development and preventing hinderance in various life aspects of children with ASD. Thus, to ensure the sustainability, some efforts to empower the parents is necessary, either in the process of designing or implementing the intervention. This present research was conducted to find an intervention program improving the skills of children with ASD—social skills in particular, involving parents as the independent designer and intervention agent. Research and development approach was employed in the study, involving seven parents of children with ASD as the study subjects. The data for the study were processed through mixed methods. As the result, the study found Program Intervensi Mandiri or PIM (Autonomous Intervention Program), an intervention program aimed at empowering parents as the autonomous designer and agent of intervention in order to improve social skills of children with ASD. The study also found that: 1) The PIM training is proven effective in developing cognitive skills and affective function of parents regarding the ASD intervention, 2) The PIM training and workshop are effective in improving parents’ skills, both in designing Program Intervensi Individual Keterampilan Sosial (PII-KS, Social Skills Individualized Intervention Program) and implementing the intervention, 3) The PIM training enable parents to independently design the PII-KS, and 4) the independent intervention implemented by parents is effective in improving the social skills of children with ASD.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S3) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | No panggil : T PKKH p-2018; Promotor : Ishak Abdulhak; Ko-Promotor : Zaenal Alimin; NIM : 1402552 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | anak penyandang Autism Spectrum Disorder, orangtua, Program Intervensi Mandiri |
| Subjects: | L Education > L Education (General) L Education > LB Theory and practice of education L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1501 Primary Education L Education > LC Special aspects of education |
| Divisions: | Sekolah Pasca Sarjana > Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus S-3 |
| Depositing User: | DAM staf |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Feb 2019 09:57 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Sep 2020 07:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/33713 |
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