Suganda M, Vina Amilia (2014) ANALISIS KESULITAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PEMECAHAN MASALAH DAN SIKAP MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR. S2 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
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Abstract
Kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu aspek yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap siswa, mulai dari siswa Sekolah Dasar. Meskipun demikian, beberapa hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa kemampuan siswa terhadap pemecahan masalah matematis masih rendah. Dengan demikian perlu upaya pencarian melalui pengalaman empirik dan kajian teoritik yang bisa mengetahui kesulitan yang dialami siswa dan penyebab rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa berkemampuan matematis tinggi, sedang dan rendah di kelas V salah satu Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Bandung. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, tes, angket sikap, dokumen dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah diduga berawal dari memahami masalah yaitu dari segi kemampuan membaca dan bahasa matematika yang terdapat dalam soal. Kesulitan selanjutnya memahami konsep yang terdiri dari mengubah pecahan ke dalam bentuk persen, konsep perkalian, dan konsep luas permukaan serta konsep bangun datar persegi. Merepresentasikan masalah ke dalam bentuk matematika, maupun gambar dari suatu masalah juga merupakan kesulitan yang dialami siswa, kemudian kesulitan membangun penalaran dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah dan membangun strategi penyelesaian. Penyebab kesulitan yang dialami siswa ini antara lain karena terjadinya gangguan pada memori seperti “Discalculia”, gangguan retroaktif, dan ketidakmampuan siswa dalam memanipulasi pengetahuan yang dimiliki sebelumnya. Penyebab lainnya yaitu tidak ada upaya siswa untuk mengevaluasi atau melakukan refleksi dan tinjau ulang terhadap hasil jawaban yang siswa peroleh dan pemahamannya terhadap masalah yang diberikan. Hal ini juga menyangkut sikap matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah selain komponen dari sikap yang terdapat di kurikulum Singapura. Sikap yang tidak muncul saat menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah matematis yang mengakibatkan siswa mengalami kesulitan yaitu sikap kemandirian belajar (self-regulated-learning) yang mana terkait dengan metakognitif dan self-efficacy, serta eksistensi manusia dalam kehidupan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat direkomendasikan kepada peneliti selanjutnya bahwa diharapkan dapat mengembangkan model atau bahan pembelajaran yang dapat mengatasi kesulitan tersebut. Adapun salah satu solusi yang direkomendasikan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan pendekatan scaffolding. Kata kunci: Kesulitan Siswa, Pemecahan Masalah, Sikap Matematis. Problem-solving ability is one aspect that should be owned by every student, ranging from elementary school students. However, some research results reveal that the ability of students to mathematical problem solving is still low. Thus the need to search through the efforts of empirical and theoretical studies experience who can figure out the difficulties experienced by the students and the reasons for poor mathematical problem solving ability. This study used a qualitative approach. Subjects were mathematically capable students of high, medium and low grade V in one public elementary school in Bandung. Collecting data using the method of observation, tests, attitude questionnaires, documents and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the difficulties experienced by students in solving problem solving supposedly originated from understanding the problem is in terms of the ability of reading and math language contained in the matter. A further difficulty understanding the concept consists of changing fractions into percentages, multiplication concept, and the concept of surface area as well as the concept of a square flat wake. Representing problem into mathematical form, as well as a picture of the problem is also the difficulty experienced by the students, then the difficulty in constructing reasoning to solve problems and build problem solving strategies completion. The cause of the difficulties experienced by students is partly due to the disturbance of memory as "Discalculia", retroactive interference, and the inability of students in manipulating prior knowledge. Other causes ie no attempt to evaluate the student or to reflect and review the results and answer the students gain understanding of the given problem. It is also about the attitude of the students in solving mathematical problem solving in addition to the components of the attitude contained in the curriculum of Singapore. Attitude that does not resolve the problem arises when solving mathematical problems that resulted in students having trouble learning the attitude of independence (self-regulated-learning) which is associated with the metacognitive and self-efficacy, and human existence in life. Based on the results of these studies can be recommended to further research that is expected to develop a model or study materials that can overcome these difficulties. As one of the solutions recommended in this study that the scaffolding approach. Keywords: Student Difficulty, Problem Solving, Mathematical Attitude
| Item Type: | Thesis (S2) |
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| Additional Information: | No. Panggil: T_PD_SUG a-2014; Pembimbing : I. Tatang Hermawan, II. Sufyani Prabawanto |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kesulitan Siswa, Pemecahan Masalah, Sikap Matematis. |
| Subjects: | L Education > L Education (General) L Education > LB Theory and practice of education L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1501 Primary Education |
| Divisions: | Sekolah Pasca Sarjana > Pendidikan Dasar S-2 |
| Depositing User: | DAM staf |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Oct 2015 02:02 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2015 02:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/17436 |
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