DESAIN IN SILICO KANDIDAT VAKSIN MULTI-EPITOP UNTUK HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS (HMPV) BERBASIS ALEL HLA INDONESIA

Esa Juniar, - and Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh, - and Gun Gun Gumilar, - (2025) DESAIN IN SILICO KANDIDAT VAKSIN MULTI-EPITOP UNTUK HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS (HMPV) BERBASIS ALEL HLA INDONESIA. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Abstract

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) merupakan salah satu patogen penyebab infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) yang kerap berko-infeksi dengan patogen berbahaya seperti SARS CoV-2 dan Streptococcus pneumoniae. Namun, saat ini belum vaksin HMPV yang telah lulus uji klinis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengembangkan model vaksin HMPV berbasis multi-epitop secara in silico sebagai pendekatan awal yang efisien dari segi waktu, biaya, dan sumber daya. Desain multi-epitop dipilih karena dapat memicu respons imun adaptif yang luas dan spesifik. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi: prediksi epitop sel T berdasarkan protein target HMPV yang diseleksi berdasarkan karakteristik imunogenik, non toksik, dan non-alergenik, perancangan vaksin multi-epitop dengan linker dan adjuvan, analisis interaksi dengan reseptor imun (TLR-2 dan TLR-4), serta evaluasi stabilitas, antigenisitas, dan cakupan populasi berdasarkan HLA dominan Indonesia. Vaksin dirancang spesifik untuk populasi Indonesia sehingga epitop yang dipilih bersifat imunogenik, non-toksik, dan non-alergenik, serta mencakup populasi Indonesia dengan afinitas ikatan tinggi terhadap HLA dominan. Kandidat vaksin bersifat stabil, imunogenik, dan berinteraksi kuat terhadap TLR-2 dan TLR-4 yang secara teoritis dapat mengaktivasi sistem imun melalui produksi antibodi, sel B memori, sel T, makrofag, dan sitokin. Vaksin multi-epitop yang dikonstruksi berhasil dioptimasi untuk diekspresikan pada sistem inang Escherichia coli dengan vektor pET-30a(+). Adaptasi kodon meningkatkan Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) dan menurunkan kandungan GC kedua vaksin, yang menunjukkan potensi tinggi untuk ekspresi protein rekombinan pada galur E. coli K12. Meskipun masih berada pada tahap in silico, hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan potensi untuk dikembangkan secara eksperimental sebagai langkah awal menuju formulasi vaksin yang lebih efektif. Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the leading causes of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) that usually co-infect with SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, currently there is no HMPV Vaccine that passed the clinical test. In consequence, this study aims to develop multi-epitop vaccine model with in silico approach as an efficient effort in terms of time, cost, and resource. Multi-epitope vaccine design is chosen for its ability to induce broad and specific adaptive immune responses. This study involve: prediction of T cell epitope based on the target protein of HMPV that is selected based on its immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and non-allergenicity, constructing multi-epitope vaccine with linker and adjuvant, analysis of interaction between vaccine and immune receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4), and evaluation of vaccine stability, antigenicity, and population coverage based on dominant HLA in Indonesia. The vaccine is designed specifically for the Indonesian therefore the chosen epitopes are immunogenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic, and cover Indonesian population with high binding affinity towards dominant HLA. The vaccine candidate is predicted to be stable, immunogenic, and has high affinity towards TLR-2 and TLR-4 that theoretically can activate the immune system through the production of antibody, B cell memory, T cell memory, macrophage, and cytokine. Furthermore, the multi-epitope vaccine constructs were successfully optimized for expression in Escherichia coli host cells using the pET-30a(+) vector. Codon optimization increased the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) and decreased GC content of both vaccine, indicating high potential for recombinant protein expression in E. coli K12. Despite being developed by in silico approach, this vaccine shows a potential to be further developed experimentally as a starting point towards a more effective vaccine formulation.

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Item Type:	Thesis (S1)
Additional Information:	https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=FNNzvb8AAAAJ&scilu=&scisig=ACUpqDcAAAAAaMMPOzbulxikpTRuCxCCHNHJDN0&gmla=AH8HC4w8kjcqy_LUcFkW_orcy21EKE74QfLca6XvOb46-9G0pdfsfcvMKHnOdic9-iikjmvQlUffLuys8OQTknQz1oMyddd7_cKMtKs&sciund=4126780843035639920 ID SINTA Dosen Pembimbing Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh: 5978104 Gun Gun Gumilar: 5983442
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Desain kloning, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-Indonesia, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), reverse vaccinology, simulasi imun, vaksin multi-epitop Cloning design, immune simulation, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-Indonesia, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), multi-epitope vaccine, reverse vaccinology
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QD Chemistry
Divisions:	Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam > Program Studi Kimia - S1 > Program Studi Kimia (non kependidikan)
Depositing User:	Esa Juniar
Date Deposited:	13 Sep 2025 04:33
Last Modified:	13 Sep 2025 04:33
URI:	http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/138975

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