KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS RAFINAT POLISAKARIDA SULFAT ALGA SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIDIABETES TIPE 2

Anisa Noorlela, - (2023) KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS RAFINAT POLISAKARIDA SULFAT ALGA SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIDIABETES TIPE 2. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Abstract

Spirulina platensis dan Sargassum polycystum merupakan jenis alga yang mengandung
sejumlah senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai kandidat obat. Pada penelitian ini
dilakukan ekstraksi, karakterisasi rafinat polisakarida sulfat alga (PSP) dari Spirulina
platensis dan Sargassum polycystum, serta pengujian aktivitas PSP sebagai kandidat
antidiabetes tipe 2 secara in vitro dan in silico. Rafinat PSP dikarakterisasi menggunakan
spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan FTIR, sedangkan aktivitas antidiabetes ditentukan dengan
mengukur persen inhibisi rafinat PSP terhadap enzim α-amilase menggunakan
spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil analisis UV menunjukkan serapan khas polisakarida sulfat
pada panjang gelombang 258 nm dan 266,5 nm untuk masing-masing rafinat PSP Spirulina
platensis dan PSP Sargassum polycystum yang kemudian disebut fukoidan. Analisis
spektra FTIR pada kedua rafinat menunjukkan puncak serapan khas pada bilangan
gelombang 1074 dan 1033 cm-1 yang dikaitkan dengan vibrasi regangan C-O-C gugus�gugus gula pada struktur karbohidrat, dan puncak serapan khas pada 1246 dan 1249 cm-1
dikaitkan dengan regangan asimetris gugus sulfat (S=O) yang mengkonfirmasi bahwa di
dalam rafinat terkandung polisakarida sulfat. Perbandingan kandungan gula menunjukkan
rafinat Sargassum polycystum mengandung PSP 21,14% lebih tinggi dibandingkan rafinat
PSP Spirulina platensis. Kedua rafinat menunjukkan aktivitas inhibisi terhadap α-amilase.
Inhibisi tertinggi rafinat PSP Spirulina platensis terhadap α-amilase saliva non-diabetes
dan saliva diabetes sebesar 37,13% dan 79,10%, sedangkan inhibisi tertinggi rafinat
fukoidan terhadap α-amilase saliva non-diabetes dan saliva diabetes sebesar 29,03% dan
73,69%. Pengujian in silico dilakukan dengan menambatkan (docking) struktur mono-/di-
/tri-/tetra-sakarida penyusun PSP terhadap α-amilase. Simulasi molecular docking
menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara ligan PSP dengan reseptor α-amilase dengan energi
afinitas yang lebih besar ditunjukkan pada struktur trisakarida PSP Spirulina platensis yaitu
sebesar -7,8 kkal/mol dan sebesar -7,7 kkal/mol untuk ligan disakarida fukoidan. Adapun
kontrol positif ligan akarbosa memiliki energi afinitas sebesar -8,3 kkal/mol. Simulasi
posisi interaksi reseptor-ligan PSP menunjukkan bahwa ligan dari kedua alga menempati
sisi pengikatan yang sama dengan ligan akarbosa, yang mengindikasikan mekanisme
inhibisi yang terjadi adalah kompetitif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan
bahwa rafinat polisakarida sulfat dari Spirulina platensis dan Sargassum polycystum
berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai kandidat agen terapi antidiabetes tipe 2.

Spirulina platensis and Sargassum polycystum are member of algae that contain a number
of potential bioactive compounds that can be utilized as drug candidates. In this research,
extraction, characterization of polysaccharide sulfate raffinate (PSP) from Spirulina
platensis and Sargassum polycystum were carried out, as well as evaluating the PSP activity
as a candidate for type 2 antidiabetic through in vitro and in silico approaches. The PSP
raffinate was characterized using a UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer, while the
antidiabetic activity was determined by measuring the percent inhibition of the PSP
raffinate against α-amylase using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of UV analysis
showed a typical absorption of polysaccharides sulfate at a wavelength of 258 nm and 266.5
nm for PSP Spirulina platensis and PSP Sargassum polycystum (hereafter named as
fucoidan) raffinates, respectively. FTIR spectra analysis of both raffinates revealed the
absorption peaks at wave numbers of 1074 and 1033 cm-1 which were associated with the
C-O-C stretching vibrations of the sugar groups in the carbohydrate structure, and the
absorption peaks at 1246 and 1249 cm-1
that were associated with the asymmetric stretching
of the sulfate groups (S=O) which confirmed that the polysaccharides sulfate available in
the raffinate. Sugar content analysis showed that Sargassum polycystum raffinate have
21.14% higher of PSP than that of Spirulina platensis PSP raffinate. Both raffinates showed
inhibitory activity against α-amylase. The highest inhibition of PSP Spirulina platensis
raffinate against non-diabetic salivary α-amylase and diabetic saliva was 37.13% and
79.10%, respectively, while the highest inhibition of fucoidan raffinate against non-diabetic
salivary α-amylase and diabetic saliva was 29.03% and 73.69%. In silico testing was
carried out by docking the mono-/di-/tri-/tetra-saccharide of PSP against α-amylase.
Molecular docking simulations show that the interaction was occurred among the PSP
ligands and the α-amylase with a greater affinity energy of -7.8 kcal/mol for trisaccharide
of PSP of Spirulina platensis and -7.7 kcal/mol for the fucoidan disaccharide ligand. The
positive control of the acarbose ligand has an affinity energy of -8.3 kcal/mol. Simulation
of the position of the PSP receptor-ligand interaction showed that the ligands from both
algae occupy the same binding sites as the acarbose ligands, indicating that the mechanism
of inhibition that occurs is competitive. It can be concluded that the polysaccharide sulfate
raffinate from Spirulina platensis and Sargassum polycystum show their potential to be
used as therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Official URL: http://repository,upi.edu
Item Type: Thesis (S1)
Uncontrolled Keywords: antidiabetes, inhibisi, molecular docking, Sargassum polycystum, Spirulina platensis antidiabetic, inhibition, molecular docking, Sargassum polycystum, Spirulina platensis
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry
Divisions: Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam > Program Studi Kimia - S1 > Program Studi Kimia (non kependidikan)
Depositing User: Anisa Noorlela
Date Deposited: 26 Sep 2023 09:12
Last Modified: 26 Sep 2023 09:12
URI: http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/108309

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