MODEL INKUBATOR BISNIS BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI DAN KEMITRAAN BAGI USAHA KECIL MENENGAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK DAN VOKASIONAL (TVET)

Arief Yanto Rukmana, - and Mokhamad Syaom Barliana, - and Isma Widiaty, - and HR Aam Hamdani, - (2025) MODEL INKUBATOR BISNIS BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI DAN KEMITRAAN BAGI USAHA KECIL MENENGAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK DAN VOKASIONAL (TVET). S3 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Abstract

Model inkubator bisnis konvensional di Indonesia masih menghadapi kesenjangan kritis dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi digital dan kemitraan strategis untuk mendukung pertumbuhan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) berbasis teknologi. Studi terdahulu menunjukkan adanya fragmentasi antara dukungan akademik, jaringan industri, kebijakan pemerintah, dan pengelolaan sumber daya, yang berdampak pada rendahnya tingkat keberhasilan startup teknologi dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian ini mengembangkan model inkubator bisnis berbasis teknologi dan kemitraan dalam perspektif Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sebuah pendekatan holistik yang belum pernah dikaji secara sistematis dalam literatur inkubasi bisnis di negara berkembang. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah merumuskan dan memvalidasi model inkubator yang relevan dengan karakteristik UKM Indonesia, dengan fokus pada integrasi empat pilar konseptual: kewirausahaan akademik, jaringan kemitraan, dukungan kebijakan, dan pengelolaan sumber daya yang dikombinasikan dengan teknologi dan kemitraan strategis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan tiga tahap utama. Tahap pertama adalah analisis tren riset global dan nasional melalui Systematic Literature Review (SLR), yang mengidentifikasi empat dimensi utama sebagai landasan teoritis pengembangan model inkubator. Tahap kedua menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS versi 4) untuk menguji hubungan antar variabel konseptual. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat kecocokan model (goodness-of-fit) yang tinggi dan daya prediksi yang kuat terhadap pengembangan teknologi, efektivitas model berbasis kemitraan, dan pertumbuhan startup. Korelasi signifikan ditemukan antara ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, kekuatan jaringan industri, dan akses pendanaan dengan efektivitas model inkubasi berbasis teknologi. Pada tahap ketiga, model kuantitatif divalidasi secara kualitatif melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) bersama para akademisi, pengelola inkubator, praktisi industri, serta pemangku kepentingan pendidikan vokasi. Proses ini memperkuat relevansi model dalam konteks lokal Indonesia dan menegaskan pentingnya integrasi fungsi inkubasi ke dalam ekosistem TVET. Validasi triangulatif ini mengungkap bahwa keberhasilan inkubasi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh faktor teknis dan struktural, tetapi juga oleh kesiapan ekosistem pendidikan vokasional dalam mendorong technopreneurship melalui kolaborasi multipihak dan teknologi yang adaptif. Hasil akhir penelitian ini adalah model konseptual dan operasional inkubator bisnis yang tidak hanya integratif dan kontekstual, tetapi juga adaptif terhadap kebutuhan transformasi ekonomi berbasis teknologi, khususnya dalam membangun keterhubungan antara pendidikan vokasi, industri, dan sektor publik. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi orisinal terhadap pengembangan teori kewirausahaan di negara berkembang, serta menyajikan implikasi praktis bagi para pengambil kebijakan, lembaga pendidikan vokasi, pengelola inkubator, dan pelaku industri dalam membentuk ekosistem kewirausahaan yang inklusif, berbasis teknologi, dan berkelanjutan. Conventional business incubator models in Indonesia continue to face critical gaps in integrating digital technology and strategic partnerships to support the growth of technology-based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Previous studies have highlighted a persistent fragmentation between academic support, industrial networks, government policy, and resource management factors that collectively contribute to the low long-term success rates of technology startups. This study develops a technology- and partnership-based business incubator model within the perspective of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) a holistic approach that has not been systematically explored in the existing literature on business incubation in developing countries. The primary objective of this research is to formulate and validate an incubator model that is relevant to the unique characteristics of Indonesian MSMEs, with a focus on integrating four conceptual pillars: academic entrepreneurship, partnership networks, policy support, and resource management combined with digital technology and strategic collaboration. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study was carried out in three main stages. The first stage involved analyzing global and national research trends using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which identified four core dimensions as the theoretical foundation of the model. In the second stage, a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS version 4) was applied to test the structural relationships among the conceptual variables. The analysis revealed a strong model goodness-of-fit and predictive power toward key performance indicators such as technology development, partnership-based business models, and startup growth. Significant positive correlations were found between the availability of human resources, the strength of industrial networks, and access to funding with the effectiveness of the technology-based incubation model. In the third stage, the quantitatively derived model was qualitatively validated through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving academics, incubator managers, industry practitioners, and vocational education stakeholders. This process reinforced the model’s relevance to the Indonesian context and emphasized the importance of embedding incubation functions into the broader TVET ecosystem. The triangulated validation confirmed that the success of business incubation depends not only on technical and structural factors but also on the readiness of vocational education ecosystems to foster technopreneurship through cross-sector collaboration and adaptive technology use. The final result of this research is a conceptual and operational incubator model that is not only integrative and contextual but also responsive to the needs of technology-driven economic transformation, particularly in linking vocational education, industry, and the public sector. This study offers an original contribution to the theoretical advancement of entrepreneurship in developing economies, while also presenting practical implications for policymakers, vocational education institutions, incubator managers, and industry actors in building an inclusive, technology-oriented, and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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Item Type:	Thesis (S3)
Additional Information:	ID Sinta Penulis : Arief Yanto Rukmana, S.T., M.M. SINTA ID : 6714614 G-Scholar Penulis : https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=imhklOAAAAAJ&hl=id 1. Prof. Dr. H. M. Syaom Barliana, M.Pd., MT. SINTA ID : 257912 https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/authors/profile/257912 2. Prof. Dr. Hj. Isma Widiaty, S.Pd., M.Pd. ID Sinta Promotor : SINTA ID : 5978971 https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/authors/profile/5978971 3. Prof. Dr. Ir. HR. Aam Hamdani, M.T., IPM SINTA ID : 5993854 https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/authors/profile/5993854
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Inkubator Bisnis, Teknologi, Kemitraan Strategis, Usaha Kecil Menengah, Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Vokasi (TVET), Business Incubator, Technology, Strategic Partnership, Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions H Social Sciences > HF Commerce L Education > L Education (General) T Technology > T Technology (General)
Divisions:	Sekolah Pasca Sarjana > Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan S-3
Depositing User:	Arief Yanto Rukmana
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 06:48
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 06:48
URI:	http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/134695

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