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“DARI LOETOENG KASAROENG KE 1001 MALAM” (PERKEMBANGAN PERFILMAN DI HINDIA BELANDA 1926-1942)
Skripsi ini berjudul “Dari Loetoeng Kasaroeng Ke 1001 Malam (Perkembangan Perfilman Di Hindia Belanda 1926-1942)”. Penelitian ini merupakan salh satu bentuk akan ketertarikan penulis mengenai kajian perkembangan perfilman di Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1926-1942. Masalah utama yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana perkembangan perfilman di Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1926-1942?. Kemudian masalah utama tersebut dibagi menjadi lima pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu 1) Bagaimana perkembangan awal perfilman di Hindia Belanda?; 2) Apa saja tema-tema Film pada masa Hindia Belanda?; 3) Bagaimana peranan pribumi dalam perkembangan film di Hindia Belanda?; 4) Bagaimana peranan Pemerintah Kolonial Hindia Belanda terhadap perkembangan perfilman di Hindia Belanda?; dan 5) Bagaimana perkembangan perfilman di Hindia Belanda bisa mencapai puncak kejayaannya?. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Mendeskripsikan perkembangan awal Perfilman di Hindia Belanda. 2) Mendeksripsikan tema-tema film yang berkembang di Hindia Belanda. 3) Menganalisis peranan pribumi dalam perkembangan film di Hindia Belanda. 4) Memaparkan peranan Pemerintah Hindia Belanda terhadap perkembangan film Hindia Belanda. Dan 5) Mendeskripsikan perkembangan perfilman di Hindia Belanda selanjutnya yang bisa mencapai puncak kejayaannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode historis dengan melakukan empat langkah penelitian, yaitu heuristic, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data digunakan teknik studi literature, yakni mengkaji sumber-sumber literatur yang relevan dengan permasalahan yang dikaji penulis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis mendapatkan beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama pembuatan film di Hindia Belanda adalah dampak dari ketidakmampuan Pemerintah untuk membendung import film dari luar negeri terutama dari Amerika Serikat, sehingga dibuatlah film cerita pertama yang berjudul Loetoeng Kasaroeng. Tercatat ada sekitar 105 judul film yang dibuat pada masa Hindia Belanda. Kedua, tema-tema film yang dibuat di Hindia Belanda kebanyakan adalah film-film yang disadur dari film-film produksi Amerika Serikat. Etnis Tionghoa pun tak ketinggalan, mereka membuat tema film yang menveritakan tentang dongeng Tiongkok kuno seperti Siluman. Ketiga, Pemerintah Kolonial Hindia Belanda dapat dikatakan kurang begitu mengapresiasi akan dunia perfilman, meskipun Pemerintah membuat komisi sensor film itu hanya sebatas untuk menghilangkan citra negatif orang barat dalam film. Karena kebanyakan menceritakan tentang kekerasan, menyelesaikan masalah tanpa jalur hukum, dll. Keempat, orang pribumi juga banyak yang berkecimpung di dunia perfilman di Hindia Belanda, meskipun belum ada yang menjadi Produser, tetapi mampu menjadi Sutradara, Penulis Skenario, dan Pemain Film. Kelima, perkembangan film di Hindia Belanda mencapai puncak kejayaannya ketika dikeluarkannya aturan baru yang tertuang dalam Staatsblad Nederlandsch Indie tahun 1940 No. 50, ditambah dengan munculnya Bioskop-bioskop baru untuk meramaikan Khazanah Industri Perfilman di Hindia Belanda. This thesis is entitled "From Loetoeng Kasaroeng Ke 1001 Malam (Perkembangan Perfilman Di Hindia Belanda 1926-1942)". This study is one form of the author's interests in the study of film development in the Dutch East Indies in 1926-1942. The main problem discussed in this thesis is: how was the development of film in the Dutch East Indies in 1926-1942? In detail, the main problem is divided into five research questions, which are 1) How was film in the Dutch East Indies initially developed?; 2) What were the film themes of the Indies period ?; 3) What was the role of indigenous film development in the Indies ?; 4) What was the role of the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government towards the development of film in the Dutch East Indies ?; and 5) How did the development of film in the Dutch East Indies reach its peak ?. The purpose of this study is 1) Describing the initial development of Film in the Dutch East Indies. 2) Describing the themes of films developed in the Dutch East Indies. 3) Analyzed the role of indigenous film development in the Indies. 4) Explaining the role of the Dutch East Indies Government towards the development of the Dutch East Indies film. And 5) Describing the development of film in the Dutch East Indies. The method used is the historical method which consists of four research steps, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography, all while data collection techniques used were literature study techniques performed reviewing the sources of literature relevant to the problems studied the author. Based on the results of research, the authors get some conclusions, which are: Firstly, the first filmmaking in the Netherlands Indies was the impact of the Government's inability to contain imported films from abroad, especially from the United States, thus making the first story film entitled Loetoeng Kasaroeng. As noted by the researcher, there were about 105 movie titles made in the Dutch East Indies in that time. Secondly, the themes of films made in the Indies were mostly films adapted from US production films. Ethnic Chinese were not left behind; they made a movie theme telling about ancient Chinese tales like the Demon. Third, the Dutch East Indies colonial government was said as less appreciative of the filming industry, although the Government made the film censorship commission limited to eliminate the negative image of westerners in the film because most tell about violence, solving problems without legal channels, etc. Fourthly, many local people were involved in film industry in the Dutch East Indies. Although none of them has been a producer, some had managed to be able to become a Director, Screenplay Writer, and Film Players. Fifth, the development of films in the Dutch East Indies reached its heyday when the new rules were enacted in the Staatsblad Nederlandsch Indie of 1940. No. 50, coupled with the emergence of new cinemas to enliven the Film Industry in the Dutch East Indies
Perpustakaan UPI, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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