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STUDI PENGARUH BEBAN NON-LINIER TERHADAP KINERJA DAN KEANDALAN OPERASIONAL ALTERNATOR 1 FASA
Perkembangan teknologi digital mendorong pemanfaatan perangkat elektronik berbasis switching yang menghasilkan beban non-linier, seperti LED, SMPS, dan Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). Beban non-linier menyebabkan arus tidak linier terhadap tegangan input sehingga memunculkan harmonisa yang menurunkan kualitas daya dan keandalan peralatan listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja tegangan output alternator satu fasa terhadap variasi beban non-linier, mengukur nilai Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) arus dan tegangan, serta mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab penurunan keandalan operasional. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimental di laboratorium dengan pengujian tanpa beban dan berbeban. Parameter yang diukur meliputi THD arus-tegangan, efisiensi, regulasi tegangan, daya semu, daya nyata, daya reaktif, frekuensi, dan faktor daya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa beban LED memiliki efisiensi 43% dengan THDI 34,65% dan THDV 10,15%, SMPS memiliki efisiensi 22,38% dengan THDI 35,07% dan THDV 6,22%, sedangkan VFD memiliki efisiensi 25% dengan THDI 93,50% dan THDV 7,30%. Kombinasi ketiga beban menghasilkan efisiensi tertinggi 79%, namun tetap memiliki THDI 33,07% dan THDV 11,57%, menunjukkan tidak adanya perbaikan kualitas daya. Nilai regulasi tegangan tertinggi sebesar 18,3% ditemukan pada kombinasi ketiga beban, melebihi batas IEEE 519 sebesar 5%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa beban non-linier secara signifikan menurunkan kualitas daya dan keandalan alternator satu fasa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan untuk perancangan sistem mitigasi harmonisa dan pemilihan spesifikasi alternator yang sesuai dengan karakteristik beban modern. The advancement of digital technology has driven the widespread use of switching-based electronic devices that generate non-linear loads, such as LEDs, SMPS, and Variable Frequency Drives (VFD). Non-linear loads cause a non-linear current response to input voltage, producing harmonics that degrade power quality and equipment reliability. This study aims to analyze the output voltage performance of a single-phase alternator under various non-linear loads, measure the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of current and voltage, and identify the main factors contributing to operational reliability degradation. The research employed a quantitative experimental method in a laboratory setting, including no-load and load tests. Measured parameters included current-voltage THD, efficiency, voltage regulation, apparent power, real power, reactive power, frequency, and power factor. Results showed that LED loads achieved an efficiency of 43% with THDI of 34.65% and THDV of 10,15%, SMPS loads had an efficiency of 22,38% with THDI of 35.07% and THDV of 6.22%, while VFD loads reached 25% efficiency with THDI of 93.50% and THDV of 7.30%. The combination of all three loads yielded the highest efficiency of 84.17% but still produced THDI of 33.07% and THDV of 11.57%, indicating no improvement in power quality. The highest voltage regulation of 18.3% occurred under the combined load condition, exceeding the IEEE 519 limit of 5%. It is concluded that non-linear loads significantly reduce the power quality and reliability of single-phase alternators. These findings can serve as a reference for designing harmonic mitigation systems and selecting alternator specifications compatible with modern load characteristics.
KODEPRODI20201#Teknik Elektro_S1, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
STUDI PENGARUH BEBAN NON-LINIER TERHADAP KINERJA DAN KEANDALAN OPERASIONAL ALTERNATOR 1 FASA (Text)
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