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HUBUNGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL, TINGKAT STRES, DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN HIPERTENSI PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE : Studi Di Puskesmas Bojongsoang
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan gangguan tekanan darah dengan prevalensi tinggi secara global. WHO memperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2025, hipertensi akan mempengaruhi 29,2% populasi dunia. Di Indonesia, angka kejadian hipertensi terus meningkat, termasuk di Jawa Barat. Wanita menopause memiliki risiko lebih tinggi akibat penurunan hormon estrogen yang berperan dalam keseimbangan kolesterol dan tekanan darah. Faktor psikososial seperti stres juga berkontribusi terhadap hipertensi dengan meningkatkan reaktivitas kardiovaskular dan peradangan. Penurunan estrogen saat menopause menyebabkan peningkatan kolesterol total, meningkatkan risiko hipertensi. Rendahnya aktivitas fisik memperburuk sindrom metabolik dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Studi pendahuluan di Puskesmas Bojongsoang menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas wanita menopause mengalami hipertensi, hiperkolesterolemia, stres tinggi, dan aktivitas fisik rendah. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar kolesterol, tingkat stres, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian hipertensi pada wanita menopause di Puskesmas Bojongsoang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 43 wanita menopause sebagai sampel, yang diperoleh melalui accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Physical Activity Level (PAL), dan Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), serta pengukuran tekanan darah dan kadar kolesterol oleh tenaga kesehatan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Fisher exact tes Hasil: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kadar kolesterol (p = 0,001), tingkat stres (p = 0,004), dan aktivitas fisik (p = 0,001) dengan kejadian hipertensi. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar responden berusia 47–57 tahun, bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga, berstatus menikah, dan berpendidikan sekolah dasar. Mayoritas mengalami hipertensi, memiliki kadar kolesterol tinggi, tingkat stres berat, serta aktivitas fisik ringan. Kadar kolesterol tinggi meningkatkan risiko hipertensi 14,8 kali lipat, sementara stres berat meningkatkan risiko hingga 10,5 kali lipat. Aktivitas fisik terbukti sebagai faktor protektif dengan nilai risiko kurang dari 1. Pentingnya keseimbangan kadar kolesterol, manajemen stres, dan aktivitas fisik dalam mengurangi risiko hipertensi pada wanita menopause. ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is a blood pressure disorder with a high global prevalence. WHO estimates that by 2025, hypertension will affect 29.2% of the world's population. In Indonesia, hypertension cases continue to rise, including in West Java. Menopausal women have a higher risk due to a decline in estrogen levels, which play a role in cholesterol balance and blood pressure regulation. Psychosocial factors such as stress also contribute to hypertension by increasing cardiovascular reactivity and inflammation. The decrease in estrogen during menopause leads to an increase in total cholesterol, raising the risk of hypertension. Low physical activity worsens metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. A preliminary study at Puskesmas Bojongsoang found that most menopausal women experienced hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high stress levels, and low physical activity. Objective: To analyze the relationship between cholesterol levels, stress levels, and physical activity with hypertension in menopausal women at Puskesmas Bojongsoang. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional design with 43 menopausal women as samples, selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected through interviews using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Physical Activity Level (PAL), and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaires, as well as direct blood pressure and cholesterol measurements by healthcare professionals. Data analysis was conducted using the Fisher exact test. Results: There is a significant relationship between cholesterol levels (p = 0.001), stress levels (p = 0.004), and physical activity (p = 0.001) with hypertension cases. Conclusion: Most respondents were aged 47–57 years, worked as housewives, were married, and had elementary education. The majority experienced hypertension, had high cholesterol levels, severe stress, and engaged in light physical activity. High cholesterol levels increased the risk of hypertension by 14.8 times, while severe stress raised the risk by 10.5 times. Physical activity was found to be a protective factor with a risk value of less than 1. The importance of cholesterol balance, stress management, and physical activity in reducing hypertension risk among menopausal women.
KODEPRODI13211#Gizi_S1, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
HUBUNGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL, TINGKAT STRES, DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN HIPERTENSI PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE : Studi Di Puskesmas Bojongsoang (Text)
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RA Public aspects of medicine
RC Internal medicine
RG Gynecology and obstetrics