Birawa, Andi Basuki Prima (2011) PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS OTAK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS PADA ANAK USIA DINI. eprint_fieldopt_thesis_type_phd thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
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Abstract
Dalam persaingan dan keterbatasan sumber alam dimasa depan, diperlukan kreativitas untuk dapat beradaptasi mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi. Kreativitas anak Indonesia yang masih rendah dapat mengurangi daya saing SDM Indonesia. Kreativitas dapat dipelajari, dilatih dan perlu dikembangkan sejak usia dini karena masa ini merupakan masa emas tumbuh-kembang anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan program pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak usia dini. Kreativitas berkaitan dengan kemampuan otak dalam mengorganisasikan fakta lama dan baru. Proses terpenting pada otak terjadi di sinaps (hubungan antar sel otak). Stimulasi multi sensorik dan bilateral pada kedua belahan otak dapat memperkaya sinaps. Sistem pengaturan emosi di otak juga terkait dengan hasil belajar. Program pembelajaran berbasis otak (PBO) dengan stimulasi multi sensorik pada kedua belahan otak secara seimbang dan berulang melalui proses bermain, dapat memperkaya sinaps sehingga dapat meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak. Program PBO dikembangkan melalui metode penelitian dan pengembangan dengan langkah (1) studi pendahuluan, (2) ujicoba pengembangan (ujicoba terbatas dan ujicoba luas), serta (3) uji produk akhir dan sosialisasi hasil. Subyek dan lokasi penelitian adalah murid 12 TK dikota Bandung yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, angket, kuesioner, serta observasi. Desain program PBO terdiri dari tujuan, materi, implementasi, serta evaluasi pembelajaran. Melalui proses bermain yang dirancang untuk stimulasi multisensorik bilateral, implementasi PBO diterapkan pada tiga kegiatan pokok di TK yaitu pembukaan, inti, dan penutup dengan melibatkan orangtua dalam kegiatan anak. Evaluasi proses dan hasil kegiatan dilakukan guru bersama orangtua untuk menilai keterlaksanaan program PBO. Pada tahap uji produk, skor kreativitas kelompok perlakuan (3 TK) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (3 TK) dengan menggunakan tes subskala kreativitas menurut Renzulli (adaptasi oleh Munandar). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa program PBO dapat meningkatkan skor kreativitas anak usia dini secara signifikan (p = 0.010) lebih baik dari program konvensional, sehingga dapat diterapkan pada anak usia dini untuk meningkatkan kreativitas. Tingkat pendidikan, keterbukaan orangtua dan guru merupakan faktor yang mendukung pelaksanaan PBO. Kurangnya sarana ruang dan APE yang memadai merupakan faktor yang dapat menghambat PBO, sementara standar evaluasi kreativitas dan diskontinuitas program merupakan faktor kelemahan dari PBO. Keunggulan PBO adalah mudah, murah, fleksibel, mandiri dan dapat meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak usia dini. Disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran melalui proses bermain yang mengintegrasikan stimuli multi sensorik dan stimuli bilateral yang selanjutnya disebut Pembelajaran Berbasis Otak , meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak usia dini. In competition and limited natural resources in the future, creativity necessary to be able to adapt to overcome the problems encountered. Creativity of Indonesian children who are low can reduce the competitiveness of Indonesian human resources. Creativity can be learned, trained and need to be developed at an early age because this is a golden period during growth and development of children. The purpose of this study is to produce learning programs that can enhance creativity in early childhood. Creativity associated with the brain's ability to organize the old and new facts. The most important processes in the brain occur at the synapse (connection between brain cells). Multi-sensory and bilateral stimulation in both hemispheres can enrich the synapse. Emotional regulation systems in the brain also associated with learning outcomes. Brain-based learning programs (PBO) with multi-sensory stimulation in both hemispheres in a balanced and repeatedly through the process of playing, can enrich the synapse so that it can enhance creativity in children. PBO program was developed through research and development methods in step (1) preliminary studies, (2) test development (limited trials and extensive testing, and (3) test the final product and the dissemination of results. Subjects and study site were 12 kindergarten students in the city of Bandung, which is selected by purposive sampling with data collection through interviews, questionnaires, questionnaires, and observation. PBO program design consists of purpose, content, implementation, and evaluation of learning. Through the process of play that is designed to stimulate bilateral multisensory, PBO implementation applied to the three main activities in the kindergarten that is opening, core, and closing with the involvement of parents in children's activities. Evaluation process and results of activities carried out teachers with parents to assess PBO reliabilities. At product testing stage, creativity score in treatment group (3 TK) was compared to the control group (3 TK) using the creativity subscale test by Renzulli (adaptation by Munandar). Statistical test results showed that PBO programs can improve early childhood creativity scores significantly (p = 0.010) better than conventional programs, so it can be applied in early childhood to foster creativity. The level of education, openness of parents and teachers are factors that supports the implementation of PBO. Lacks of adequate playing space and educational playing tools facility, are factors that can inhibit PBO, while standards of creativity and discontinuities program evaluation are factors of PBO weakness. PBO is easy, inexpensive, flexible, self-contained and can enhance creativity in early childhood. Concluded that learning through play process that integrates multi-sensory stimuli and bilateral stimuli, hereinafter called brain-based learning, increased creativity in early childhood.
| Item Type: | Thesis (eprint_fieldopt_thesis_type_phd) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | No Panggil D PK BIR p-2011 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pembelajaran,Kreatifitas Anak |
| Subjects: | L Education > L Education (General) |
| Divisions: | Sekolah Pasca Sarjana > Pengembangan Kurikulum S-3 |
| Depositing User: | Staf Koordinator 3 |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jun 2014 05:05 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jun 2014 05:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/7546 |
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