1	CHAPTER V 
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter explains the conclusions of the study that includes a summary of the study, theories that are used in the study, research methodology, and the overall findings of the study. It also presents some suggestions for further studies.

1.1	 Conclusions
Translation is a process of rendering meaning from a source language text to another language. In the process of translating, there is an issue that becomes a main concern of the translators. One of the issue that is commonly found in the translation is shifting. Since translation deals with language and meaning, thus linguistic aspect is the focus on exploring the shifts in the translation. The cause of shift, generally occurs since the different language structure may vary to one another. Therefore, this study focuses on the structural shift. It attempts to analyze the shifts in nominal group structure as well as in the verbal groups. The study tries to find out the type of structural shifts found in the nominal and verbal groups in the novel translation from English into Indonesian. It also attempts to observe how the shift can affect the meaning. The data are analyzed by using Gerot and Wignell’s (1994) theory of nominal group and transitivity and theory of translation shift proposed by Catford (1965). 
	Based on the data analysis, the study shows that there are two types of shifts found in the nominal and verbal groups. They are single translation shift and double translation shift. Single translation shift includes: 1) level, 2) structure, 3) class, 4) unit, and 5) intra-system shift, while, the double translation shift includes the combination of 1) structure and intra-system shift, 2) structure and class shift, 3) class and unit shift, and 4) level and intra-system shift. In the nominal groups, the most frequent shift occurs in the double translation shift which is structure-class shift with 46 occurrences (40.72%). The second shift that mostly appears is also the combination of structure shift and intra system shift with the level of occurrences 44 times (38.94%). Then, it is followed by unit-intra shift with 15 occurrences (13.27%), unit shift with 7 occurrences (6.19%), and unit-class shift with only one occurrence (0.88%). 
The result of shifts in the verbal groups contrasts to the shifts in nominal group. The shifts in the verbal groups show that the most frequent and least frequent types of shift can be found in the single translation shift. The most frequent shift in the verbal group occurs in the intra-system shift type with 60 occurrences (70.59%). Then, the second mostly used shift occurs in the double-translation shift which is unit-intra system with the level of occurrence is 15 times (15.29%). Then, it is followed by class-intra system shift with 6 occurrences (7.06%), level-intra system shift with 4 occurrences (4.71), and last is level shift with only 2 occurrences (2.35%).
Moreover, this study shows that the shifts of meanings occurred in the shifts of nominal and verbal groups. The reason of the shifts of meaning can be caused by the change of focus of the noun and omission of the elements of nominal group such as deictic. Moreover, unavailability of the equivalent structure in the target language has also be another factor that contributes to the shift. In addition, the word choice that prefer the similar meaning rather than equivalent also become the reason of meaning shift. Hence, structural shifts of nominal and verbal group do not give significant impact to the overall meaning of the translation since it is found 8 out of 150 clauses. Thus, it indicates that structural shifts in the nominal and verbal groups in the novel slightly affects the meaning in the translation.

1.2	Suggestions
There are some suggestions that can be taken into account for further research. First is the data of the research. As for the data, the study used a novel from an English-Indonesian novel translation, therefore it requires the discussion of other novels to prove whether or not the structural shits in the translation novel have the same pattern with the previous study. Moreover, further research could also analyze the comparison of the two different novel translations. For example, further study can analyze the structural shifts and meaning shifts found in the two different novels translation.
Second, this study aims to see how the published novel that has been spread in the society is an acceptable translation text. Thus, the characteristics of language structures should be known and studied by the translation study learners. Therefore, translators can be able to see the text that is regarded as an appropriate text translation for their references. 
Third, this study can explore another type of groups since there are variations of groups, for instance, adjective group, adverbial group, conjunction group and prepositional group. Those groups can be the object of the study as well. Therefore, further studies are expected to be able to explore another element of a sentence besides noun and verb. The research can be used to analyze to see the structural shifts in the different type of groups in literary work.
Since this study concerns with the translation and its relations to linguistics, therefore it is expected to give more understanding for further studies that are interested in exploring the linguistic aspects of translation. For example, since this study focuses on the analysis of shifts in the source language perspective that is English grammar system, another perspective should also be applied in the analysis of the data.  Moreover, this study will give more insight for the translators in considering the linguistic aspects in reproducing a good translation text.