KAJIAN SIFAT HIDROKOLOID BERBAHAN DASAR UPPER UMBI TALAS LIAR (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott.)

Rosmayanti, Venti (2017) KAJIAN SIFAT HIDROKOLOID BERBAHAN DASAR UPPER UMBI TALAS LIAR (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott.). S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

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Abstract

Talas liar (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott ) adalah jenis tanaman umbi talas yang banyak tumbuh secara liar di Indonesia, namun tidak banyak dimanfaatkan karena memiliki kandungan kalsium oksalat yang tinggi. Dalam penelitian mengenai pati yang berasal dari talas biasanya didasarkan pada pembagian umbi dalam tiga bagian yaitu upper, central, dan lower. Umbi talas liar memiliki kandungan pati yang tinggi (70-80%), sehingga memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan hidrokoloid dengan ukuran granula pati yang kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat hidrokoloid berbahan dasar umbi talas liar bagian upper. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu optimasi suhu (30oC, 40oC, 50oC, dan 60oC); waktu perendaman (20, 40, dan 60 menit) pada pengurangan kalsium oksalat dengan teknik perendaman menggunakan natrium bikarbonat (2%, 4%, dan 6%), optimasi metode pembuatan hidrokoloid talas, dan pengujian karakteristik fungsional hidrokoloid. Karakterisasi fungsional yang dilakukan meliputi uji kapasitas penyerapan air (WAC), index kelarutan air (WSI), kapasitas busa (FC), kapasitas emulsi (EC) dan nilai viskositas. Dilakukan pula analisis bentuk granula hidrokoloid dengan instrumen SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), dan analisis gugus fungsi dengan instrumen FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Hasil penelitian menunjukan data optimasi pengurangan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas yang dihasilkan adalah suhu perendaman 40oC; waktu perendaman 60 menit dengan konsentasi natrium bikarbonat sebesar 4%. Hasil optimasi metode menunjukan bahwa metode isolasi pati merupakan metode yang paling optimum untuk membuat hidrokoloid dari talas dengan persentase randemen hidrokoloid yang dihasilkan sebesar 6,745% dengan kadar kalsium oksalat sebesar 58 mg oksalat/100 gram talas, adapun dari uji karakteristik fungsional hidrokoloid didapatkan nilai WAC 0,14745, WSI 4,3053%, FC 14,28%, EC 0,1818%, dan viskositas 1,82x10-3 Pa.s. Hasil analisis SEM menunjukan bahwa granula hidrokoloid mempunyai bentuk poligonal dengan ukuran 1-10μm, adapun dari analisis spektra FTIR didapatkan serapan gugus fungsi O-H pada hidrokoloid. Hasil analisis tersebut menunjukan sifat dari hidrokoloid talas berada diantara sifat hidrokoloid gum arab dan tapioka.---- Wild taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott ) is a type of root crop that grows wildly in Indonesia. Since its highly content of calcium oxalate, this srup found no widely used. Research on taro starch is usually based on the division of the tuber into three parts, namely upper, central, and lower parts. Wild taro has high starch content (70-80%), so it has the potential to be made hydrocolloids with a small size of starch granules. The present research aims to make hydrocolloids with the upper part of wild taro as the basic ingredient. The research involved temperature optimization (30oC, 40oC, 50oC, and 60oC); soaking time (20, 40, and 60 minutes), reduction of calcium oxalate with the immersion technique using sodium bicarbonate (2%, 4%, and 6%), optimization of taro hydrocolloid production method, and testing of the functional properties of the hydrocolloids. The functional property tests included water absorption capacity (WAC), water solubility index (WSI), foam capacity (FC), emulsifying capacity (EC), and the value of viscosity. An analysis of the form of hydrocolloid granules with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and the functional groups with FTIR (Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy) were also conducted. The results show calcium oxalate in the taro was optimally reduced at the soaking temperature of 40oC, with immersion time of 60 minutes using 4% sodium bicarbonate concentration. The results of the method optimization indicate that starch isolation with the yield percentage of hydrocolloids of 6.745% with a concentration is 58 mg calcium oxalate/100 grams of taro. Meanwhile, from the functional property tests of the hydrocolloids, the following values were obtained: WAC (0.14745), WSI (4.3053%), FC (14.28%), EC (0.1818%), and viscosity (1.82x10-3 Pa.s). Finally, the results of SEM analysis demonstrate that the hydrocolloid granules have polygonal irregular and oval shapes with sized 1-10μm , whereas the spectra analysis with FTIR indicates O-H functional group absorption in the hydrocolloids. The result of analysis shows the properties of hydrocolloid taro is berween properties of hydrocolloid gum arab and tapioca.

Item Type: Thesis (S1)
Additional Information: No. Panggil: S KIM ROS k-2017 ; Pembimbing: I. Ali Kusrijadi, II. Titin Supriyanti ; NIM: 13058700
Uncontrolled Keywords: Hidrokoloid, Pengurangan kalsium oksalat, Talas liar, Umbi talas bagian upper, Hydrocolloids, Calcium Oxalate Reduction, Wild Taro, Upper Part of Taro.
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry
Q Science > QK Botany
Divisions: Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam > Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia > Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia
Depositing User: Mr. Arif Rezkyana Nugraha
Date Deposited: 28 Dec 2018 03:37
Last Modified: 28 Dec 2018 03:37
URI: http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/33161

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