OPERASI DETACHMENT : OPERASI MILITER AMERIKA SERIKAT DI IWO JIMA (19 FEBRUARI – 26 MARET 1945)

Muharam, Beni Ahmad (2017) OPERASI DETACHMENT : OPERASI MILITER AMERIKA SERIKAT DI IWO JIMA (19 FEBRUARI – 26 MARET 1945). S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

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Abstract

Skripsi ini berjudul “OPERASI DETACHMENT : Operasi Militer Amerika Serikat di Iwo Jima (19 Februari – 26 Maret 1945)”. Latar belakang peneliti mengambil permasalahan ini disebabkan karena adanya ketertarikan peneliti terhadap beberapa peristiwa penting selama periode Perang Pasifik. Pada periode Perang Pasifik (1941-1945) ini terdapat serangkaian pertempuran-pertempuran yang menentukan seperti pertempuran di Pearl Harbour, Midway, Guadalcanal, Kepulauan Marshall, Laut Filipina, Kepulauan Mariana, Iwo Jima hingga di Okinawa. Usaha merebut Iwo Jima yang disebut dengan kode Operasi Detachment ini bagi Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat (United States Marine Corps) dianggap sebagai operasi yang merugikan karena strategi pertahanan Jepang berhasil menggugurkan ribuan pasukan Marinir yang hendak menguasai pulau kecil ini. Bahkan untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah Perang Pasifik, jumlah korban pasukan Amerika Serikat lebih besar dari korban jumlah pasukan Jepang. Kendati demikian, pasukan Marinir Amerika Serikat dengan pengorbanan yang besar tersebut berhasil menguasai pulau tersebut. Masalah utama yang diangkat dari skripsi ini adalah “Bagaimana Operasi Detachment berhasil merebut pertahanan Jepang di Iwo Jima?” Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian historis dengan melakukan empat langkah penelitian yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan studi literatur dengan mengkaji sumber-sumber literatur yang relevan dengan permasalahan yang dikaji. Berdasarkan penelitian, peneliti menemukan beberapa temuan diantaranya adalah Pertama, terdapat beberapa kepentingan mengapa Amerika Serikat ingin menguasai pulau ini terutama berkaitan dengan usaha pemboman strategis pesawat B-29. Sama hal nya dengan mengapa Jepang memberikan perlawanan yang hebat terhadap para Marinir. Kedua, terdapat beberapa situasi yang memberikan efek nyata terhadap keberlangsungan pelaksanaan Operasi Detachment, selain itu terdapat doktrin, elemen, bahkan prinsip yang harus ditegakkan dalam melakukan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan Operasi Detachment. Ketiga, terdapat dampak yang signifikan dari pelaksanaan Operasi Detachment terhadap keberlangsungan Jepang dan Amerika Serikat di dalam Perang Pasifik selanjutnya.;--- This undergraduate thesis is entitled "OPERATION DETACHMENT : United States Military Operation in Iwo Jima (Februari 19th – March 26th 1945). The researcher took this problem because of the researcher's interest in some important events during the period of the Pacific War. In the period of the Pacific War (1941-1945) there was a series of decisive battles such as the battles at Pearl Harbor, Midway, Guadalcanal, Marshall Islands, Philippine Sea, Mariana Islands, Iwo Jima and then Okinawa. The attemp code to capture Iwo Jima is called Operation Detachment, for the United States Marine Corps (USMC) this operation considered an adverse operation, this is because the Japanese defense strategy succeeded in aborting thousands of Marines who wanted to control this small island. Even for the first time in the history of the Pacific War, The United States casualities is bigger than the number of Japanese troops. Nevertheless, the US Marines with such great sacrifice succeeded in controlling the island. The main problem raised from this undergraduate thesis is "How was the Operation Detachment successfully seized the Japanese defense in Iwo Jima?" The method used in this undergraduate thesis is the historical research method by doing four steps of research which are heuristic, critic, interpretation, and historiography. The technique used in data collection is by doing literature study with reviewing the sources of literature that relevant with the issues. Based on of the research, the researcher obtain some result, they are; First, it has several reasons why the United States wants to control the island, mainly related to the strategic bombing of the B-29 aircraft. It is the same as why the Japanese are giving great resistance to the Marines. Secondly, there are some situations that have a significant effect on the continuity of Operation Detachment, in addition there are doctrines, elements, and even principles that must be implemented in the planning and execution of Operation Detachment. Third, there is a significant impact of the Operation Detachment implementation on the sustainability of Japan and the United States within the next Pacific War period.

Item Type:	Thesis (S1)
Additional Information:	No. Panggil: S SEJ MUH o-2017; Pembimbing: I. Ayi Budi Santosa, II. R. Achmad Iriyadi; NIM: 1304798.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	perang pasifik, korps marinir amerika serikat (usmc), operasi militer, pacific war, united states marine corps (usmc), military operation
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial > Pendidikan Sejarah
Depositing User:	DAM staf
Date Deposited:	30 Nov 2018 06:57
Last Modified:	30 Nov 2018 06:57
URI:	http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/32341

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