PENGALAMAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMENUHI ACTIVITY DAILY LIVING (ADL) PADA ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS TUNADAKSA DI SLB KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

Diana Herawati, - and Nunung Siti Sukaesih, - and Amanda Puspanditaning Sejati, - (2025) PENGALAMAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMENUHI ACTIVITY DAILY LIVING (ADL) PADA ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS TUNADAKSA DI SLB KABUPATEN SUMEDANG. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Abstract

Anak dengan disabilitas fisik (tunadaksa) menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam aktivitas sehari-hari, pendidikan, dan adaptasi sosial yang menuntut dukungan khusus dari keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan. Namun, penelitian mengenai pemenuhan Activity Daily Living (ADL) pada anak tunadaksa masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan pengalaman orang tua dalam mendampingi anak tu-nadaksa dalam pemenuhan ADL di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Kabupaten Sumedang. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif fenomenologi dengan tiga partisipan yang merupakan orang tua anak tunadaksa, yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan tujuh langkah metode Colaizzi, disertai proses reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan anak dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat keparahan disabilitas dan dukungan keluarga. Anak dengan kemampuan motorik yang lebih baik menunjukkan kemandirian lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak dengan gangguan berat. Peran aktif orang tua, terutama ibu, serta lingkungan yang mendukung berpengaruh besar terhadap pembentukan kemampuan adaptif, moti-vasi, dan rasa percaya diri anak. Selain itu, dukungan sosial dan spiritual turut memperkuat ketahanan emosional orang tua dalam proses pendampingan. Dari sisi pendidikan, hambatan utama meliputi keterbatasan akses, minimnya tenaga pendidik terlatih, serta kurangnya fasilitas inklusif di sekolah. Faktor ekonomi juga menjadi tantangan karena biaya terapi, alat bantu, dan transportasi sering melebihi kemampu-an keluarga. Secara keseluruhan, perkembangan kemandirian anak tunadaksa meru-pakan hasil interaksi antara faktor internal (fisik, kognitif, emosional) dan eksternal (dukungan keluarga, lingkungan sosial, dan kebijakan pendidikan). Pendekatan berbasis keluarga serta kolaborasi lintas sektor diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan partisipasi sosial anak disabilitas. Children with physical disabilities face challenges in daily activities, education, and social adaptation that requires special support from families and health workers. However, research on the fulfillment of Activity Daily Living (ADL) in children with disabilities is still limited. This study aims to describe parents’ experiences in assisting children with physical disabilities (tunadaksa) in fulfilling ADL at special schools (SLB) in Sumedang Regency. The study used a phenomenological qualitative approach with three participants who were parents of children with physical disabilities, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method, along with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion stages. The results showed that children’s ability to perform daily activities depended on the severity of disability and family support. Children with better motor skills showed higher independence than those with severe impairments. The active role of parents, especially mothers, and a supportive environment influenced the development of adaptive skills, motivation, and self-confidence. In addition, social and spiritual support strengthened parents’ emotional resilience in the mentoring process. In educational aspect, the main barriers included limited access, lack of trained teachers, and inadequate inclusive facilities. Economic factors were also challenges, as therapy, assistive devices, and transportation often exceeded the family’s financial capacity. Overall, the development of independence in children with physical disabilities was resulted by the interaction of internal (physical, cognitive, emotional) and external factors (family, social environment, and education policy). Family-based approaches, cross-sector collaborations were needed to improve their quality of life and social participation.

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Item Type:	Thesis (S1)
Additional Information:	https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=taIV5iEAAAAJ ID SINTA Dosen Pembimbing: Nunung Siti Sukeasih: 6125144 Amanda Puspanditaning Sejati: 6681142
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Activity daily living (ADL), Anak berkebutuhan khusus, Anak tunadaksa, pengalaman orang tua Activity daily living (ADL), Children with special needs, Children with disabilities, Parental experience
Subjects:	L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	UPI Kampus Sumedang > S1 Keperawatan
Depositing User:	Diana Herawati
Date Deposited:	17 Dec 2025 02:57
Last Modified:	17 Dec 2025 03:01
URI:	http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/145856

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