EFEK ALTITUDE TRAINING TERHADAP KOMPONEN DARAH DAN PERFORMA ATLET ELIT ROWING: Systematic Literature Review

Rifqi Harits Taufiqurahman, - and Dede Rohmat Nurjaya, - and Pipit Pitriani, - (2025) EFEK ALTITUDE TRAINING TERHADAP KOMPONEN DARAH DAN PERFORMA ATLET ELIT ROWING: Systematic Literature Review. S2 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Abstract

Performa atlet rowing sangat dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas aerobik, kekuatan eksplosif, serta koordinasi teknis yang presisi. Salah satu strategi yang banyak digunakan untuk menunjang peningkatan performa adalah altitude training, yaitu latihan dalam kondisi hipoksia melalui metode Live High-Train Low (LHTL), Live High-Train High (LHTH), maupun Intermittent Hypoxic Training (IHT). Paparan hipoksia diyakini mampu merangsang peningkatan eritropoietin (EPO), yang pada gilirannya meningkatkan hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit (Hct), dan massa hemoglobin total (Hbmass), sehingga kapasitas transportasi oksigen tubuh dapat dioptimalkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara sistematis pengaruh altitude training terhadap komponen darah dan performa atlet elit rowing. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis pedoman PRISMA 2020. Sumber data diperoleh melalui perangkat Publish or Perish dengan rentang tahun publikasi 2015–2025, dan kriteria inklusi difokuskan pada studi Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) yang meneliti efek altitude training pada atlet rowing elit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode LHTL dengan durasi 3–4 minggu dan paparan hipoksia ≥12 jam per hari memberikan peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap Hb, Hct, Hbmass, serta kapasitas aerobik seperti VO₂max dan peak power output. Namun demikian, terdapat variasi respons individu antara “responder” dan “non-responder”, serta perbedaan rancangan penelitian yang menyebabkan hasil belum sepenuhnya konsisten. Faktor-faktor seperti intensitas latihan, status kebugaran awal, serta dukungan nutrisi turut memengaruhi efektivitas intervensi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa altitude training berpotensi menjadi strategi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan performa atlet rowing melalui adaptasi hematologis dan fisiologis, dengan LHTL sebagai metode yang paling menjanjikan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi teoretis bagi pengembangan ilmu kepelatihan olahraga serta rekomendasi praktis bagi pelatih dan federasi dalam menyusun program pelatihan berbasis bukti. Rowing athlete performance is greatly influenced by aerobic capacity, explosive strength, and precise technical coordination. One strategy widely used to improve performance is altitude training, namely training in hypoxic conditions through the Live High-Train Low (LHTL), Live High-Train High (LHTH), and Intermittent Hypoxic Training (IHT) methods. Exposure to hypoxia is believed to stimulate an increase in erythropoietin (EPO), which in turn increases hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), thereby optimizing the body's oxygen transport capacity. This study aims to systematically examine the effects of altitude training on blood components and the performance of elite rowing athletes. The study was conducted using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data sources were obtained through the Publish or Perish tool with a publication year range of 2015–2025, and inclusion criteria focused on Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) studies examining the effects of altitude training on elite rowing athletes. The analysis results showed that the LHTL method with a duration of 3–4 weeks and exposure to hypoxia ≥12 hours per day provided significant improvements in Hb, Hct, Hbmass, and aerobic capacity such as VO₂max and peak power output. However, there were variations in individual responses between “responders” and “non-responders,” as well as differences in study design that resulted in inconsistent results. Factors such as training intensity, initial fitness status, and nutritional support also influenced the effectiveness of the intervention. Therefore, it can be concluded that altitude training has the potential to be an effective strategy to improve the performance of rowing athletes through hematological and physiological adaptations, with LHTL being the most promising method. This study is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of sports coaching science as well as practical recommendations for coaches and federations in developing evidence-based training programs.

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Item Type:	Thesis (S2)
Additional Information:	https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=ImRIGmUAAAAJ ID SINTA Dosen Pembimbing: Dede Rohmat Nurjaya: 6011830 Pipit Pitriani: 6663966
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Altitude training, athlete performance, hematocrit, hemoglobin, rowing, systematic literature review. Altitude training, hematokrit, hemoglobin, performa atlet, rowing, systematic literature review.
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GV Recreation Leisure L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	Sekolah Pasca Sarjana > Pendidikan Olahraga S-2
Depositing User:	Rifqi Harits Taufiqurahman
Date Deposited:	03 Oct 2025 06:46
Last Modified:	03 Oct 2025 06:46
URI:	http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/140790

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