Kailla Qothrunnada Qurrota'ayun, - and Fitri Khoerunnisa, - and Athanasia Amanda Septevani, - (2025) PENGEMBANGAN KATALIS SILIKA/KARBON TERSULFONASI UNTUK SINTESIS BIODIESEL BERBAHAN DASAR MINYAK JELANTAH. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Abstract
Biodiesel sebagai sumber energi terbarukan diperlukan dalam penyediaan bahan bakar alternatif. Bahan baku biodiesel dapat bersumber dari minyak nabati berbagai biomassa termasuk minyak jelantah. Katalis berperan penting dalam reaksi transesterifikasi pada sintesis biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis SiO₂/C-SO₃H, serta menguji kinerjanya sebagai katalis dalam sintesis biodiesel berbahan dasar minyak jelantah. Optimasi kondisi sintesis katalis dilakukan melalui Response Surface Methodology (RSM) meliputi suhu sulfonasi, waktu sulfonasi, dan rasio H₂SO₄:SiO₂/C. Katalis hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, XRD, BET N₂ sorption pada 77 K, dan SEM-EDX. Biodiesel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan GC-MS, pengujian densitas, viskositas, dan titik nyala untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya terhadap standar kualitas bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum sintesis Silika/Karbon tersulfonasi diperoleh pada suhu 80℃, waktu 300 menit, dan rasio H₂SO₄:SiO₂/C (6:1 wt/wt). Spektra IR mengonfirmasi keberhasilan proses sulfonasi, ditandai munculnya puncak serapan pada panjang gelombang 882,5 cm⁻¹ yang merupakan gugus fungsi sulfonat (-SO₃H). Proses sulfonasi pada SiO₂/C menyebabkan penurunan intensitas dan pelebaran puncak, sehingga material semakin bersifat amorf. Analisis BET menunjukkan luas permukaan spesifik sebesar 254,82 m²/g dengan karakteristik mesopori, didukung oleh hasil SEM berupa morfologi berpori dan tidak teratur. Katalis SiO₂/C-SO₃H memiliki kinerja yang baik dalam mengonversi minyak jelantah (komposisi FAME dominan berupa metil oleat dan metil eikosanoat). Biodiesel hasil sintesis memiliki densitas sebesar 879 kg/m³, viskositas 2,3 mm²/s, dan titik nyala 176℃, bersesuaian dengan standar SNI 7182-2015. Biodiesel as a renewable energy source is needed in the provision of alternative fuels. Biodiesel feedstock can be sourced from various vegetable oils, including used cooking oil. Catalysts play an important role in the transesterification reaction in biodiesel synthesis. This study aims to synthesize and characterize the SiO₂/C-SO₃H catalyst, as well as test its performance as a catalyst in the synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil. Optimization of catalyst synthesis conditions was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), including sulfonation temperature, sulfonation time, and H₂SO₄:SiO₂/C ratio. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET N₂ sorption at 77 K, and SEM-EDX. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized using GC-MS, density testing, viscosity testing, and flash point testing to evaluate its compliance with fuel quality standards. The results of the study showed that the optimal synthesis conditions for sulfonated silica/carbon were obtained at a temperature of 80°C, a time of 300 minutes, and an H₂SO₄:SiO₂/C ratio of 6:1 wt/wt. IR spectra confirmed the success of the sulfonation process, marked by the appearance of an absorption peak at a wavelength of 882.5 cm⁻¹, which is the sulfonate functional group (-SO₃H). The sulfonation process on SiO₂/C caused a decrease in intensity and broadening of the peak, making the material more amorphous. BET analysis showed a specific surface area of 254.82 m²/g with mesoporous characteristics, supported by SEM results showing a porous and irregular morphology. The SiO₂/C-SO₃H catalyst demonstrated good performance in converting waste cooking oil (with a dominant FAME composition of methyl oleate and methyl eicosanoate). The synthesized biodiesel has a density of 879 kg/m³, viscosity of 2.3 mm²/s, and flash point of 176℃, in accordance with SNI 7182-2015 standards.
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| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=new_profile&hl=en ID SINTA Dosen Pembimbing: Fitri Khoerunnisa: 258263 Athanasia Amanda Septevani: 6724243 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Katalis, Silika/Karbon Tersulfonasi, Minyak Jelantah, Transesterifikasi, Biodiesel. Catalyst, Sulfonated Silica/Carbon, Waste Cooking Oil, Transesterification, Biodiesel. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam > Program Studi Kimia - S1 > Program Studi Kimia (non kependidikan) |
| Depositing User: | Kailla Qothrunnada Qurrota'ayun |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Sep 2025 04:36 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Sep 2025 04:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/140090 |
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