IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI DEORBIT MEGAKONSTELASI SATELIT STARLINK DALAM MITIGASI DAMPAK SAMPAH ANTARIKSA

    Devi Siska Pitriya. S, - and Judhistira Aria Utama, - (2025) IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI DEORBIT MEGAKONSTELASI SATELIT STARLINK DALAM MITIGASI DAMPAK SAMPAH ANTARIKSA. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

    Abstract

    Pertumbuhan megakonstelasi satelit Starlink telah memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan jumlah objek di orbit rendah Bumi (LEO) yang turut memperparah akumulasi sampah antariksa dan meningkatkan risiko tabrakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi strategi deorbit yang diterapkan oleh SpaceX dalam pengelolaan akhir masa operasional satelit Starlink sebagai bagian dari upaya mitigasi sampah antariksa. Kajian dilakukan melalui analisis desain teknis deorbit SpaceX dan evaluasi data peluncuran serta deorbit satelit berdasarkan data historis yang diperoleh dari sumber pelacakan satelit dan arsip misi periode tahun 2019 hingga awal tahun 2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa strategi deorbit Starlink dilakukan secara aktif melalui sistem propulsi Hall Effect Thruster, manuver otomatis, serta kebijakan penghentian misi secara terkontrol. Namun, hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa meskipun strategi deorbit telah diimplementasikan secara konsisten, terdapat faktor eksternal seperti aktivitas matahari dan kendala teknis yang memengaruhi efektivitas deorbit. Secara teoritis, tanpa intervensi aktif jumlah satelit yang beralih dari status aktif ke nonaktif diperkirakan sekitar 16 satelit pertahun dengan populasi nonaktif stabil mencapai 80 unit. Namun, berdasarkan data aktual, sebanyak 961 satelit telah dideorbitkan dalam tujuh tahun terakhir dengan rata-rata 137 satelit pertahun, angka ini menunjukkan pelaksanaan strategi deorbit aktif yang konsisten dan jauh lebih efektif dibandingkan skenario pasif. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa strategi deorbit aktif memiliki potensi untuk mengurangi kepadatan orbit dan risiko tabrakan, namun tetap memerlukan peningkatan sistem pengawasan dan koordinasi global untuk memastikan keberlanjutan lingkungan antariksa jangka panjang. The growth of the Starlink satellite megaconstellation has significantly contributed to the increase in the number of objects in low Earth orbit (LEO), exacerbating the accumulation of space debris and increasing the risk of collisions. This research aims to examine the implementation of deorbit strategies applied by SpaceX in the end-of-life management of Starlink satellites as part of efforts to mitigate space debris. The study is conducted through the analysis of SpaceX's technical deorbit design and the evaluation of satellite launch and deorbit data based on historical data obtained from satellite tracking sources and mission archives from the period of 2019 to early 2025. The analysis results show that the Starlink deorbit strategy is actively carried out through the Hall Effect Thruster propulsion system, automatic manoeuvres, and controlled mission termination policies. However, the results also show that although the deorbit strategy has been consistently implemented, there are external factors such as solar activity and technical constraints that affect the effectiveness of the deorbit. Theoretically, without active intervention, the number of satellites transitioning from active to inactive status is estimated to be around 16 satellites per year, with a stable inactive population reaching 80 units. However, based on actual data, 961 satellites have been deorbited in the past seven years, averaging 137 satellites per year. This figure indicates the consistent implementation of an active deorbit strategy, which is far more effective than a passive scenario. This research emphasizes that an active deorbit strategy has the potential to reduce orbital congestion and collision risks, but still requires improvements in global monitoring and coordination systems to ensure the long-term sustainability of the space environment.

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    Official URL: https://repository.upi.edu/
    Item Type: Thesis (S1)
    Additional Information: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=new_articles&hl=en&imq=Devi+Siska+Pitriya.+S# ID SINTA Dosen Pembimbing JUDHISTIRA ARIA UTAMA: 6125861
    Uncontrolled Keywords: Starlink, deorbit, mitigasi, sampah antariksa, orbit rendah Bumi Starlink, deorbit, mitigation, space debris, low Earth orbit
    Subjects: T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
    Divisions: Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam > Program Studi Fisika - S1
    Depositing User: Devi Siska Pitriya. S
    Date Deposited: 28 Aug 2025 02:18
    Last Modified: 28 Aug 2025 02:18
    URI: http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/136632

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